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Mesopotamian society's governance was based on three pillars: the temple, the palace, and the city council. Temples, expansive urban complexes, served as economic hubs and religious centers. The relationship between temples and palaces during the Uruk and Early Dynastic periods remains a mystery, with evidence suggesting a complex power dynamics interplay. Kingship, or ensi, involved various duties such as temple maintenance and military leadership, with kings potentially chosen by city councils. The Code of Hammurabi, a significant legal code from early Mesopotamian society, outlines the kings' jurisdiction over commercial activities, criminal justice, and family law (Chazan 299).

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