blog writing #international politics: structural vs. agent-based explanations and anarchy dynamics

Structural and agent-based explanations serve as notable approaches that have been constantly used in the comprehensive analysis of international politics. Both structural and agent-based explanation of outcomes offers lenses through which can be used to interpret political outcomes when they occur. Structural explanations always incorporate systemic factors it considers elements not limited to power distribution, economic structures, institutions, and cultural norms. These elements display the behavior of different nations and factors that result in opportunities within international politics. For example, the balance of power theory in a structural-based explanation highlights the Cold War bipolarity which was a result of the structural dynamics between two superpowers who were fighting for influence, superiority, and dominance (Ikenberry, 1996). Importantly, agent-based explanations focus majorly on the actions and decisions of individual actors. These individual actors can be states, leaders, or non-governmental institutions. This political structure gives more emphasis on the contribution of these actors in designing international outcomes. Major consideration is made on preferences, beliefs, and strategies that influence prevailing political events (Lecture Note 8).